CYP21A2 · both carry · 1 in 4 per pregnancyEverything else each of them carries stays on their own phone.
The two phones compare results privately. Neither partner learns any other gene the other carries, and nothing reaches either family unless you choose to share it. If you wish, relatives can be told that a test may help them, through your counsellor if you’d rather not be named.
The UAE screens every Emirati couple before marriage. What happens after the result is the hard part.
A result reaches the family before it reaches understanding
Today one partner’s carrier status can travel to the other, and to both families, before anyone has explained that being a carrier is not a disease. The challenge asks for the opposite: no exposure of one family member’s information without permission.
Too few people to explain it
Abu Dhabi has trained hundreds of physicians to counsel because specialists are scarce. Every couple still needs the same careful explanation, in their language, at their reading level.
Relatives rarely hear about it
In consanguineous families relatives share variants, yet in one US study only 6% of first-degree relatives went on to be tested. People hesitate to name themselves.
Two keys open one answer. Neither key opens anything else.
1
The lab issues one-time tokens
For this pairing only, the lab turns each gene a person carries into a token only it can make. Nobody can invent a gene they don’t carry or reuse someone else’s.
2
Each phone locks its list
Each phone scrambles its tokens with a secret it never shares, pads the list so its length reveals nothing, and sends it through the relay, encrypted.
3
Only the shared genes match
Each phone adds its own lock to the other’s list, with a proof that it locked honestly. Items both carry end up identical; everything else stays random noise. The lab then confirms the match from its own records and names only the shared genes.
This is authorised private set intersection (De Cristofaro and Tsudik), with the lab as the trusted issuer: a partner can’t probe by pretending to carry extra genes, the problem Baldi et al. (2011) raised. Abu Dhabi’s Responsible AI Standard names secure multi-party computation as a privacy technique; this is one.
Who learns what
Each partner
Learns: The genes they both carry, explained
Never learns: Any other gene the other carries, or how many
The relay server
Learns: That two phones exchanged three encrypted messages
Never learns: Any gene, any token, or the result
The lab
Learns: That this couple paired, and the match it confirms (it already holds both results, as today)
Never learns: Anything new about either person
A counsellor
Learns: Only the items a person ticked when booking
Never learns: Anything after consent is withdrawn
Relatives
Learns: A gene and their own chance of carrying it
Never learns: Who sent it, when a counsellor passes it on
The health system
Learns: Counts: understanding, uptake, time to referral
Never learns: Any individual, or any marriage decision
Who
Learns
Never learns
Each partner
The genes they both carry, explained
Any other gene the other carries, or how many
The relay server
That two phones exchanged three encrypted messages
Any gene, any token, or the result
The lab
That this couple paired, and the match it confirms (it already holds both results, as today)
Anything new about either person
A counsellor
Only the items a person ticked when booking
Anything after consent is withdrawn
Relatives
A gene and their own chance of carrying it
Who sent it, when a counsellor passes it on
The health system
Counts: understanding, uptake, time to referral
Any individual, or any marriage decision
A result people can understand on their own
Chances are drawn the way a counsellor sketches them: four pregnancies, one affected, two carriers, one neither. Every explanation comes in simple, standard and detailed versions, in Arabic and English, and says plainly what is risk and what is diagnosis. The words avoid “incompatible”; the couple is “a couple with an increased chance”.
Couple-level by default, as Dubai’s own programme reports it. Couples who prefer full openness can choose it together: the lab shows each partner’s full results only once both have asked.
Your own full results whenever you ask: your right under Decree-Law 49/2023.
X-linked results go to each person first, privately, before any pairing. Only when hers and his match does the couple see it together, after each has read their own.
SharedCongenital adrenal hyperplasia · CYP21A2
3 in 4 children will not have CAH.
no changed copy
healthy carrier
healthy carrier
has the condition
In each pregnancy: 1 in 4 that the child has the condition, 2 in 4 a healthy carrier, 1 in 4 neither.
Treatable with daily medicine and found by newborn screening. If you know of the chance, tell the birth team: a salt-wasting crisis can come before the screening result is back.
From result to care, with a person at every decision
Options, unranked
Go ahead, test in pregnancy, IVF with embryo testing, reconsider plans together, kafala or no children, or talk first. Equal weight, no advice, and one plain line on costs and cover under them all.
Questions, answered from sources
An AI explainer answers only from vetted facts, has its numbers checked against them, refuses to probe a partner or decide for anyone, and hands distress to a person the same day. Anyone can ask a person instead.
A counsellor, on the clock
Booking shares only what you tick. The desk tracks time to first contact, referral and documented closure, with a tamper-evident audit trail.
Relatives, without names
Sealed notes tell a cousin or sibling their own chance of carrying the same change. The service can’t read them or tell who sent them, and a counsellor can pass one on so no name is attached.
Understanding, by a validated 8-item knowledge measure (its Arabic version validated first); the in-app teach-back is a process check
Counselling uptake and time to first contact
Time from result to referral
Relatives who book a test after a note
Equity across Arabic and English, and reading levels
Privacy: nothing shared without a logged consent
We never count marriages called off. The challenge says success must not rest on any single personal choice, and a couple’s decision is theirs.
Built to sit inside the programme Abu Dhabi already runs
Inputs it reuses
The DoH premarital panel results already flowing through Malaffi; UAE Pass sign-in; the 22 screening centres and their trained physicians.
Where it runs
Demo: Vercel and Amazon Bedrock in Sydney, synthetic data only. Production: hosted in the UAE, as Decree-Law 49/2023 and the health data law require. Amazon Nova Pro is offered in AWS’s UAE region (not yet tested there), and the safety layer works with any model.
A gated path to a pilot
First the DoH sandbox, ethics approval, a DPIA and an independent crypto audit. Then a randomised pilot of the explainer and family notes with couples newly found at increased chance, against usual care. Months 18–30: lab tokens and Malaffi at three or four centres. A licensed provider operates it; DoH sees only counts.
We are looking for a genetic counsellor in the UAE to work with us, starting with the phase-0 sign-off of every condition card, fact and Arabic string before any real use.
Four couples are waiting in the demo
First cousins who share a gene, an unrelated couple who share none, double first cousins who share one full and one milder match, and second cousins whose two milder changes are shown as a low-concern match. All synthetic, all running the real protocol.